https://www.imosver.com/en/ebooks/diseoo-y-desarrollo-de-un-programa-de-seguimiento-integral-de-pacientes-vih-E0002629994E0002629994DISEÒO Y DESARROLLO DE UN PROGRAMA DE SEGUIMIENTO INTEGRAL DE PACIENTES VIH+2.44Descripción / Resumen (Español / Castellano): El estudio ha abordado el diseño y desarrollo de un programa de seguimiento integral de pacientes VIH+, que incluye actividades de atención farmacéuthttps://www.aglutinaeditores.com/media/resources/public/fc/fc1a/fc1a1bfe59934fedbfcf16926b738158.JPGEbookEbook/MEDICINA Y SALUDEn stockUNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA000https://www.aglutinaeditores.com/media/resources/public/fc/fc1a/fc1a1bfe59934fedbfcf16926b738158.JPG2.5750.132017/06/219788490125335SALAVADOR CABRERA FIGUEROAEbookaño_2017idioma_SpanishCautor_SALAVADOR CABRERA FIGUEROA
Artículo
DISEÒO Y DESARROLLO DE UN
SALAVADOR CABRERA FIGUERO
UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA
MEDICINA Y SALUD
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Synopsis DISEÒO Y DESARROLLO DE UN PROGRAMA DE SEGUIMIENTO INTEGRAL DE PACIENTES VIH+
Descripción / Resumen (Español / Castellano): El estudio ha abordado el diseño y desarrollo de un programa de seguimiento integral de pacientes VIH+, que incluye actividades de atención farmacéutica y monitorización de concentraciones plasmáticas de antirretrovirales. Las etapas realizadas comprenden: - La puesta a punto y validación, de acuerdo a las normas establecidas por la FDA, de una técnica analítica por HPLC para la determinación de los antirretrovirales: atazanavir, efavirenz, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir y saquinavir en plasma sanguíneo. - La optimización de los tratamientos con fármacos antirretrovirales. Se ha detectado una tasa importante de pacientes con problemas de adherencia (38% de los evaluados), lo que ha dado lugar a actuaciones de educación del paciente y a la aplicación de técnicas de refuerzo positivo para mejorarla. - El desarrollo de un modelo farmacocinético poblacional de efavirenz en 241 pacientes con 814 concentraciones procedentes de la monitorización en pacientes VIH+ usando un modelo no lineal de efectos mixtos (NONMEM). - El análisis de la influencia sobre el aclaramiento plasmático de efavirenz del sexo, edad, peso, altura, tratamiento antirretroviral y asociación con rifampicina, fenobarbital, fenitoína y metadona. Cuando se asocian estos fármacos, el aclaramiento plasmático de efavirenz se incrementa por 1,70; 1,54; 1,18 y 1,21 respectivamente. No obstante, la baja presencia de estas variables no permitieron su inclusión en el modelo poblacional - El genotipado de un grupo de 32 pacientes ha demostrado que el polimorfismo genético del CYP2B6, provoca en un 80% de los pacientes deficientes metabolizadores (G/T y T/T) un descenso del aclaramiento plasmático de efavirenz. Se ha demostrado que el programa de seguimiento integral de los pacientes con VIH representa una importante contribución en la mejora de los resultados clínicos, y que la optimización de las dosis contribuye a mejorar la efectividad clínica y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de estos pacientes.Descripción / Resumen (Inglés): The study addresses the design and development of an integral follow-up program of HIV+ patients that includes activities of pharmaceutical care and the monitoring of plasma antiretroviral concentrations. The stages performed are as follows: - The establishment and validation, based on FDA norms, of an analytical HPLC technique for the determination of the antiretrovirals atazanavir, efavirenz, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir and saquinavir in blood plasma. - Optimization of treatment with antiretrovirals. An important number of patients failing to adhere to treatment was observed (38% of those assessed), giving rise to actions aimed at educating the patients and the application of positive back-up techniques to improve adherence. - The development of a population pharmacokinetic model for efavirenz in 241 patients with 814 concentrations from the monitoring of HIV+ patients using a non-linear mixed-effects model (NONMEM). - The analysis of the effect on the plasma clearance of efavirenz of sex, age, weight, height, antiretroviral treatment applied and association with rifampicin, phenobarbital, phenytoin and methadone. When these drugs were associated with the treatment the plasma clearance of efavirenz increased by 1.70, 1.54, 1.18 and 1.21 respectively. However, the low presence of these variables did not allow their inclusion in the population model. - The genotyping of a group of 32 patients revealed that genetic polymorphism of CYP2B6 (G516T) leads to a significant decrease of EFV plasma clearance in 80% of the metabolism-deficient patients (G/T, T/T). It may be seen that the integral follow-up program applied to the HIV+ patients represents an important contribution to an improvement in the clinical results, and that dosage optimization helps to improve clinical effectiveness and the quality of life related to the health of these patients.